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pantheons & priests

Started by signoftheserpent, May 22, 2007, 01:01:11 PM

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signoftheserpent

I would like to know, in cultures such as ancient Greece or Rome (those with multiple gods), how the 'priesthood' or 'church' functioned. Was there one overarching body that administred belief throughout society?
 

Pseudoephedrine

No. At least with the Athenians, there were multiple overlapping organisations, most of them composed of non-professional priests, who held rites for one aspect of a god or another (Greek gods being worshipped as, for example, "Zeus the Saviour" or "Zeus the Wolf" instead of just "Zeus", with each aspect having its own cult and religious practice). The people we think of as "priests" were mainly responsible for the upkeep of temples, not the promulgation of dogma.

My source for this is Athenian Popular Religion by Jon D. Mikalson. It's worth checking out if you want more info.
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RPGPundit

It was more or less the same in Rome, though Rome had a more structured "Imperial Cult" (the cult of Jupiter as patron of Rome, and of the imperial family, and later of the various Emperors who had become gods).
You also need to keep in mind that priesthoods in the Roman empire were political positions; being in the college of Augurs was a political stepping stone, and the Pontifex Maximus (high priest) was the emperor (before the Empire, it was a very desirable political post in the Republic).

The Roman Senate was considered a religious body.  That's why to lay a hand on a senator was considered not just a civil offense, but a religious one.

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Caudex

Pontifex Maximus was, in the late Republic, considered the single most prestigious post available, though it was not the most powerful. Getting the gig at a ridiculously young age (in his 30s, IIRC) was one of the early triumphs of Julius Caesar.

The chapter in this book (fully viewable on Google Books) is fairly useful:
http://www.google.com/books?id=cbJtYyWeMocC
Roman Antiquities: Or an Account of the Manners and Customs of the Romans (1837)

(page 191 on)