In Exalted there are five, contrived, magical materials that come from a variety of mythologyical and fictional sources (including, iirc, Wraith): Orichalcum, Jade, Soulsteel, Starmetal and Moonsilver, though that's probably inaccurate.

What I would like to know is whether or not there are five magical materials, probably linked to the five elements pervasive in chinese (magical) theory, exclusive to chinese myth. Jade most likely, but I don't think orichalcum comes from china (isn't it supposed to be atlantean?) and the others are made up by white wolf.

I'm not an expert on the subject; but I can't really recall that there are five "magical materials". I do recall reading that there were, linked to the five elements, different hours of the day, parts of the body, mental states, and even musical styles.

RPGPundit

By refining bases into gold, the alchemist believed that immortal life would be delivered if the "fake" or synthetic gold was ingested. The idea that fake gold was superior to real gold arose because the alchemists believed the combination of a variety of substances (and the transformation of these substances through roasting or burning) gave the final substance a spiritual value. It possesses a superior essence when compared to natural gold. (Cooper, 1990. Pg. 65) Gold and cinnabar (Jindan in Chinese) were the most sought-after substances to manipulate and ingest. They were believed to have longevity and could elongate the life of the consumer. Cinnabar is a mineral with a reddish brown colour and is often found near deposits of mercury, and so assumed to be related, which is correct, as Cinnabar  is mercuric sulfide. It was used in the search for immortality because of the special significance of its colour, and the difficulty with which it was refined. - Wikipedia

I guess you could add Quick Silver as a magical material. Maybe moon silver is just Mercury.